Front gardens: designing

Do driveways cause flooding? Heavy rain events have shown that paving over gardens is a major factor in causing severe flooding. In 2007 alone, the associated damage was £3billion in the UK. Laws are now in place that require most non-permeable, traditional driveways to have planning permission - whether new or replacement. So here is our guide on how to reduce paving and increase planting.

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The terraced house is a familiar feature of many of our towns and cities, but its front garden is small and needs careful planning to maximise space. To keep the hard surfaces to a minimum, create just two paved tracks to take the car wheels. The rest of the area can be covered with permeable plastic membrane to suppress weeds, then topped with gravel. By simply cutting through the membrane, you can then grow plants that will spill over the gravel.
The terraced house is a familiar feature of many of our towns and cities, but its front garden is small and needs careful planning to maximise space. To keep the hard surfaces to a minimum, create just two paved tracks to take the car wheels. The rest of the area can be covered with permeable plastic membrane to suppress weeds, then topped with gravel. By simply cutting through the membrane, you can then grow plants that will spill over the gravel.

Quick facts

By ensuring front gardens contain a balance of hard landscaping and
plants, we can:
  • Prevent flooding by soaking up summer storm rains
  • Provide homes to up to 260 species of wildlife (insects, birds etc)
  • Absorb pollutants, helping us breath easily
  • Keep us cool in summer and help insulate homes in winter
  • Make us feel good to come home – it’s scientifically called ‘restoration’

Jump to

Introduction

Getting a parking space into the front garden and managing to keep some greenery can seem tricky, so here are some simple design solutions for gardens large or small.

If you need to park outside your house, the most logical solution is to pave over the garden. This is certainly a practical option, but with a bit of imagination you can combine paving with an attractive and welcoming garden. And by using materials that allow rainwater to penetrate the ground below, the hard surfaces you do install will shed less water that could otherwise contribute to flooding.

Begin by taking a close look at your front garden.

  • How many cars do you really need to park and how much space do they take up?
  • Have you got walls and fences that climbers could scramble up?
  • Are there dead spaces that could accommodate plants, such as the corners?

With the answers to these questions, you can create a design that minimises paving and maximises planting and permeable surfaces. To show how this works in practice, look at the following three examples. The ideas can be used in just about any front garden.

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The frontages of town houses vary greatly in size, but this larger property has enough room to accommodate three cars unobtrusively. The first vehicle sweeps to the right and parks alongside the existing wall. Behind, a new hedge helps screen it and prevents it being seen from the main rooms on the ground floor. The second car fits on the pavers to the left, while a third car can occasionally be parked on the adjacent lawn, which has been reinforced with a plastic mesh.
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The terraced house is a familiar feature of many of our towns and cities, but its front garden is small and needs careful planning to maximise space. To keep the hard surfaces to a minimum, create just two paved tracks to take the car wheels. The rest of the area can be covered with permeable plastic membrane to suppress weeds, then topped with gravel. By simply cutting through the membrane, you can then grow plants that will spill over the gravel.
2 / 3
Gardens of semi-detached properties are generally large enough for several cars. In this illustration space has been created for two cars, one of which is only parked on the drive at night and weekends. The main parking space is in front of the door, while the second space is off to the left. The hedge will filter some of the dust from the street and there are berries for birds and nectar for butterflies.
3 / 3
The frontages of town houses vary greatly in size, but this larger property has enough room to accommodate three cars unobtrusively. The first vehicle sweeps to the right and parks alongside the existing wall. Behind, a new hedge helps screen it and prevents it being seen from the main rooms on the ground floor. The second car fits on the pavers to the left, while a third car can occasionally be parked on the adjacent lawn, which has been reinforced with a plastic mesh.
1 / 3
The terraced house is a familiar feature of many of our towns and cities, but its front garden is small and needs careful planning to maximise space. To keep the hard surfaces to a minimum, create just two paved tracks to take the car wheels. The rest of the area can be covered with permeable plastic membrane to suppress weeds, then topped with gravel. By simply cutting through the membrane, you can then grow plants that will spill over the gravel.
2 / 3
Gardens of semi-detached properties are generally large enough for several cars. In this illustration space has been created for two cars, one of which is only parked on the drive at night and weekends. The main parking space is in front of the door, while the second space is off to the left. The hedge will filter some of the dust from the street and there are berries for birds and nectar for butterflies.
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Further ideas

We've put together the snaps of our favourite front gardens: design inspiration on our additional webpage. And check out our front gardens: planting for what to grow.

Getting design and construction help

Designing your own garden can be fun and a creative outlet. However, if you would prefer to use a professional designer to plan your front garden, contact the Society of Garden Designers.

Suitable plants for under cars

If the car is moved fairly regularly, then there are plants you can grow that will tolerate being parked over. These need to be low-growing so the car does not brush them, and tough enough to withstand the occasional running over. Try creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia), bugle (Ajuga reptans) and thymes such as Thymus serpyllum. Just leave planting pockets in the paving or gravel to ensure there is soil for them to grow in, rather than hardcore or a bed of concrete.

For more ideas, see pp10-11 of the RHS Front Gardens booklet.

Choosing a car

As well as choosing a car for all the traditional reasons, make sure it fits on your driveway. An unnecessarily large car in a small garden will stick out on to the pavement, looking ungainly and presenting a hazard to pedestrians. Where possible, consider a smaller car in a sympathetic shade. Make sure you can safely manoeuvre it into the front garden, install mirrors in blind spots and cut sloping corners on boundary hedges.

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The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. We aim to enrich everyone’s life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place.