Most garden centres now offer a good selection of peat-free composts, and the options are increasing all the time. They’re usually made of a combination of materials, including coir, composted bark, composted green waste, grit and sand. Further alternatives are also being trialled and tested.
 
Due to their high content of composted materials, peat-free composts are usually richer in beneficial microbes than peat-based composts. This can help to protect plants from harmful pathogens. However, over time, the microbes can use up some of the available nitrogen in the compost, so extra feeding may be required.
 
Peat-free composts are a good option for seeds and cuttings. But if you’re used to peat-based composts, you may need to make a few adjustments to your plant-care routine to achieve the best results, as we explain below.

Peat-free composts have different properties to peat-based, but you can achieve equally good results if you follow these simple tips:
 

1 Choose the right compost

For sowing seeds and rooting cuttings, use specific seed and cuttings peat-free compost. These are milled to a fine texture, which is especially important for smaller seeds. Multi-purpose composts are better suited to more established plants, as they usually contain more fertiliser that is released slowly over three to six months, which seedlings don’t need or like.

For full sowing advice, see: 

2 Water with care

One of the key adjustments you may need to make when changing from peat-based compost to peat-free is with watering. Peat-free composts, especially those containing composted bark, often hold water for longer, so may need watering less frequently. 
 
They also tend to look dry on the surface, making it easy to overwater. So use your fingers to check the moisture levels under the surface where possible, or lift the container to feel how heavy it is. Also water using a small watering can or even a mist sprayer, so it’s easier to control the amount you apply.
 
Before sowing seeds, make sure the compost is moist but not soggy. Saturated compost is colder, which can slow down germination and may cause seedlings and cuttings to rot.

3 Apply liquid feed

4 Transplant to larger containers

Once the seedlings are large enough to handle and cuttings are well rooted, move them into a larger container to keep them healthy and growing strongly. If roots are just showing through the bottom of the cell or pot, that’s another good indication they’re ready to move. 
 
Use peat-free multi-purpose or potting compost, which contains more nutrients.