While it can be a subtle design feature compared to the more obvious effects of colour and scale, texture offers a vital sensory element in houseplant displays. A plant's surface type determines how it interacts with light and shadow, which gives each species a unique presence. For example, velvety foliage has a soft, matte appearance while smooth, glossy leaves present a crisper, more clean-cut image.
An interplay of contrasting textures can produce dynamic displays. Here the dominant, rougher, velvety texture of the golden polypody fern (Phlebodium aureum) is sandwiched between the softer, more elegant Boston fern (Nephrolepis exultata 'Bostoniensis') and the delicate maidenhair fern (Adiantum raddianum).
The greater the contrast, the greater the emphasis on each plant's individual presence. A succulent such as the plump, fleshy donkey's tail (Sedum morganianum) will accentuate the spiky prickles of a bunny ear cactus (Opuntia microdasys), for example. In the wreath, fleshy, plump succulents contrast interestingly with the intricate moss.
Bringing diverse textures together builds excitement and tension, as each texture brings a different mood to the display. The relationship between the different textures needs to be balanced, however, so it doesn't end up looking chaotic. Light and shadow should work across the design to draw the eye to the contrasts – but also to see the rhythm in them.
When similar-textured plants are grouped together, the quality of light and shadow across their foliage is consistent, creating a relationship between the plants despite any other visual differences such as colour and size. This relationship unifies the display, creating a balanced whole and imparting a sense of simplicity.
A grouping of plants that interact with light in the same way (absorbing or reflecting it, offering similar textural patterns of light and dark) will give a sense of unity that brings the composition together as a whole. Beware though, that too much repetition creates monotony. A thoughtful combination of similar textures, offset by some contrasting elements, creates lots of visual interest.
This article is adapted from the RHS Practical Houseplant Book.