Pollen beetles are small green, bronzy or black shiny beetles that visit the flowers of a wide range of ornamental plants and vegetables, where they feed on pollen. They rarely cause damage in gardens and are part of garden wildlife.

Pollen beetles belong to the beetle family Nitidulidae, which also includes the the

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

A bud is a small, undeveloped shoot that contains the potential for new growth. Buds are typically found on stems, where they can be apical (found at the tip) or axillary (found between leaf axils) and may develop into leaves, shoots or flowers.

buds

Pollen beetles are about 2-3mm long and are black or greenish bronze with clubbed antennae. They crawl around in flowers as they feed on the pollen. Common species are Meligethes aeneus and M. viridescens, both of which breed in the flowers buds of brassica seed crops, including oilseed rape. Large populations of pollen beetles are more likely to occur in rural areas in the vicinity of oil-seed rape crops.

None of the 36 species of pollen beetle in Britain cause damage to garden plants and so can be considered part of the biodiversity gardens support. They all develop in the flower buds of wild flowers or agricultural crops. The adult beetles are much less fussy about the flowers they visit and they eat the pollen of a wide range of plants. Yellow flowers seem to be particularly attractive. Pollen beetles are not directly harmful to the blooms and they may assist with pollination. The beetles can be brought indoors on cut flowers, once inside the beetles start wandering around and head towards windows.

The presence of pollen beetles in flowers should be treated as part of garden biodiversity while they are in the garden. Cut flowers can be made relatively beetle-free by shaking or tapping them out of the blooms. Where this is not possible, place the cut blooms in a vase or bucket and put it in a shed or garage near an open door or window for a few hours during the day. The beetles will be attracted to the brighter light coming from outside and will leave the blooms. On a small scale it should be possible to prevent beetles getting into some show blooms, such as roses, by enclosing the flowers in bags made from a fine meshed material such as nylon tights or muslin. This needs to be in place when the flowers are still in tight bud. Growers of sweet peas and other flowers for exhibition purposes sometimes erect tents of insect proof mesh.

Insecticides cannot be used to control pollen beetles as other flower visitors, such as bees, butterflies and other pollinating insects, are likely to be harmed.

Pollen beetles overwinter as adults in sheltered places. They emerge in spring and can often be found in Narcissus (daffodil) flowers at that time. The females lay eggs in the flower buds of suitable host plants, which are various wild flowers and some agricultural crops, such as oil seed rape and other brassicas grown for seed. No garden flowers or vegetables are damaged in this way. When the larvae have completed their feeding inside flower buds, they go into the soil to pupate. Adult beetles emerge in July-August and seek out flowers where they feed on pollen.