Phormium mealybug is only found on Phormium and like the host plant originates from New Zealand, it is able to survive British winters out of doors. Most other mealybugs found in Britain are dependent on glasshouse conditions. Mealybugs are

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

This species of mealybug tends to cluster around the base of leaves. On young plants large populations can cause plants to lack vigour and foliage may die prematurely. Older

Established plants have been in their current location for two or three years and so have well-developed root systems able to support strong growth with healthy foliage and flowers.

In most cases this insect needs to be tolerated. Being an introduced species it has few natural enemies. It is a very difficult insect to manage as the mealybugs are concealed at the base of leaves or where leaf margins are folded together. This makes it very difficult to reach them with a pesticide and none of the products currently available to home gardeners is likely to give effective control.

• Established plants can often tolerate populations of Phormium mealybug
• When purchasing a Phormium examine it carefully and reject any that shows signs of mealybug. A plant free of mealybug is likely to remain in that condition as this insect cannot fly and there is little opportunity for it to spread from other gardens in Britain
• Consider replacing heavily affected plants
• The biological controls for available for glasshouse mealybugs are unlikely to control phormium mealybug as they require the warmer temperatures in glasshouses to be effective