The maggots of this fly form communal mines in the leaves. Affected areas at first appear as large, pale green blotches which soon dry up and become brown and papery. This gives the foliage the appearance of having been scorched. Parsnips, celeriac, parsley, lovage and related wild flowers are similarly damaged by this insect.

There are at least two generations during the year and mining occurs between early May and the autumn. The first generation is generally less numerous than the second, but it can cause a serious check to growth. This may result in small celery plants with a bitter taste. When the grubs have finished feeding, some pupate in the mines while others pupate in the soil.

Leaf miners are a part of a healthy balanced garden ecosystem.

• Some damage can be tolerated
• Growing the plants under insect proof mesh will prevent female flies laying eggs on the  foliage. Crop rotation must be practised in conjunction with this method, otherwise adult flies may emerge from overwintered pupae in the soil and be trapped under the netting
• Most leaf miner species will have natural enemies including parasitoid wasps. Birds such as blue tits can sometimes open mines to consume the larvae within
• Susceptible plants can be checked regularly during the summer for early signs of damage
• Populations that start late in the
  The period of time when an individual plant is in active growth. This will depend on the local climate and light levels, and can vary between different plants, although it is broadly from spring to autumn.

  growing season are unlikely to cause serious harm and control measures may not be necessary at that time
• On uncovered plants control is limited to pinching out affected parts of the leaves
• Bury deeply affected leaves at the end of the growing season to destroy some of the overwintering pupae